![]() The results indicate that the rotational velocity increases with increasing flow rates and deceasing nozzle diameter. In order to maintain water velocity and flow rate that are suitable for rearing fish in tanks, therefore, the main objective of this work is to study the effect of flow rates, diameters and numbers of nozzles on the rotational velocity, impulse force and average velocity in the fish tanks.įigure 3 shows the effect of flow rate, nozzle diameter and number of nozzles on the rotational velocity of water in a circular tank. Circular tank are commonly used in fish farming because it provide more steady flow patterns, more homogeneous distribution of dissolved oxygen and metabolites and better self-cleaning properties 9, 13, 14. Homogenous water quality helps to use the advantages of rearing volume, water flow and oxygen added to water. Improving fish welfare and reducing stress levels are controlled by tank design parameters. Tank hydrodynamics can produce heterogenous conditions by inducing fish to distribute heterogeneous conditions by inducing fish to distribute heterogeneously throughout the fish tanks 12. They found that the analysis of distribution uniformity needs both global assessment of average velocity and details of flow pattern analysis to determine the effect of design parameters on the homogeneity of velocity in fish tanks 9, 10.įish behavior and activities affected by tank hydrodynamics which is affected by inlet and outlet configurations and degree of fish swimming activity 1, 11. Distribution uniformity coefficient of velocities in fish tanks has been studied by many researchers. Non-uniformity distribution of water velocities cause less efficient use of space available, because fish avoid high velocities areas and lower dissolved oxygen and higher metabolite concentrations 8. Flow pattern and turbulence in the fish tank are primarily affected by the inlet and outlet properties 7.īesides, the proper velocity in tanks, velocities distribution is very important. Also, anaerobic metabolism will increase lactate levels which creates an oxygen debt and cause fatigue 6 The rotational velocity in a fish tank, which implicitly depends on inlet flow rate and hence the impulse force plays an important role in creating a healthy rearing environment. Meanwhile at speeds higher than optimal, swimming becomes unsustainable and stressful 5. The swimming speeds lower than the higher spontaneous activity. It is easy to adjust the tank parameters and configuration, if we can maintain the proper water velocity in tanks which affect the general health, muscle tone and respiration, which differs according to size and species of fish. ![]() The presence of fish in the tanks helps too much in self-cleaning properties especially in the circular tanks 3, 4. The suitable water velocity ranged from 3 to 40 cm s −1 according to the physical properties of the biosolids. To control water velocity, the inlet and outlet design should be design carefully to improve the general flow conditions inside the tanks 2. Aquaculture compatible with environmental restrictions and with other important economic activities would be made such as tourism or fishing, tanks by guarantee fish welfare, resource consumption minimization (feed, oxygen, energy) and decreasing labor costs, which cause less environmental effect and use the smallest area possible 1.ĭue to biosolids sedimentation on the bottom of tanks, water velocity in the tanks should be controlled because these wastes particles cause pollution hypoxic conditions as well as consume oxygen. The suitable conditions of rearing aquatic organisms could be designed the aquaculture system. When the nozzle diameter increased from 10 to 25 mm, the average velocity ranged from 1.07 to 48.76 cm s −1 for all treatments under study. The average velocity of water decreases with increasing nozzles diameter from 10.0 to 15.0 mm with 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 nozzles and from 20.0 to 25.0 mm with 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 nozzles. ![]() When the nozzle diameter increased from 10 to 25 mm the impulse force of water decreased with 15 nozzles. The impulse force of water decreases with increasing nozzle diameter from 10.0 to 15.0 mm with 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 nozzles and from 20.0 to 25.0 mm with 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 nozzles. The same results were also obtained when 20 and 25 mm nozzle diameter with nozzles number of 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 were used. ![]() The results indicated that, the rotational velocity increases with increasing flow rates from 5 to 75 m 3 h −1 by using 10 and 15 mm nozzles diameter with nozzles number of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30. The main aim of this research is to study the effect of flow rate, diameter and number of nozzles on the rotational velocity, impulse force and average velocity of water in circular fish tanks.
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